نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 کارشناسی ارشد رشته مهندسی و مدیریت منابع آب، دانشکده عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران
2 استادیار گروه مهندسی آب و محیط زیست، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران
چکیده
آب نقش مهمی در تغییر سیاستها و اقتصاد قرن 21 دارد. پیشبینی میشود یکی از علل تنشها و تضادهای غرب آسیا مربوط به بحران کمبود آب باشد؛ اما تنها کمبود آب باعث این تنشها نمیشوند؛ بلکه سیاستگذاریها و حکمرانیهای غلط نیز موجب این درگیریها میشود. استفاده عادلانه از منابع مشترک آبی از اولویتهای کشورهای ذیمدخل است که با نگرش عادلانه باعث کاهش درگیریها و افزایش ایجاد همکاری و مشارکت آنها میشود. در این تحقیق به بررسی قوانین بینالمللی، ساختار مذاکرات، گفتمانها و انواع دیپلماسی برای رفع تنشها پیرامون مسائل آبی پرداخته شده است. همچنین مروری بر چالشهایی که موجب افزایش بحران آب میشوند، شده است. نتایج این بررسیها حاکی از آن است که با وجود قوانین موجود در خصوص منابع آبی مشترک، همچنان نبود یک تعریف مورد توافق جامع در خصوص «حقوق بینالمللی آب»، یکی از عوامل عدم موفقیت مذاکرات و معاهدات آبی است. همچنین وجود برخی ابهامات در مواد قوانین بینالمللی آب از دیگر اشکالات در حل مناقشات آبی میباشد. در این راستا، دستورالعمل پیادهسازی دیپلماسی آبی نوآورانه در هر منطقه را شاید بتوان راهحلی مناسب برای مدیریت پایدار منابع آبی مشترک انتخاب کرد. به این ترتیب که بحران آبی حاضر از طریق ساختارهای مدیریتی مناسب در بهرهبرداری مشترک از منابع موجود و اعمال برنامهریزیهای کلان مبتنی بر تعاملات بینالمللی و با استفاده از تمامی ظرفیتها قابل مدیریت خواهد بود. این مدیریت مستلزم ایجاد پایگاه دانش یکپارچه و شناخت دقیق منابع است.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Innovative Water Diplomacy, A Solution for Sustainable Management of Transboundary Resources
نویسندگان [English]
- Amir Khoshsima 1
- Emad Mahjoobi 2
1 MSc in Water Resources and Management, Faculty of Civl Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Water and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civl Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
چکیده [English]
Water plays an important role in changing the policies and economy of the 21st century. One of the causes of tensions and conflicts in West Asia is expected to be related to the water shortage crisis; But water shortages alone do not cause these tensions; because the wrong policies and governance also cause these conflicts. Fair use of common water resources is one of the priorities of stakeholders, which with a fair attitude will reduce conflicts and increase their cooperation and participation. This paper examines international law, the structure of negotiations, discourses, and types of diplomacy to resolve tensions over water issues. It also provides an overview of the challenges posed by the water crisis. The results of these studies indicate that despite the existing laws on transboundary water resources, the lack of a universally agreed definition of "international water law" is still one of the reasons for the failure of negotiations and water treaties. Also, some ambiguities in the article of international water laws are other problems in resolving water disputes. In this regard, the guidelines for implementing innovative water diplomacy in each region may be a good solution for the sustainable management of transboundary water resources. In this way, the current water crisis can be managed through appropriate management structures in the joint use of available resources and the implementation of macro-planning based on international interactions and using all capacities. This management requires the creation of an integrated database and accurate knowledge of resources.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Water Diplomacy
- Water Laws
- Water Policies
- Water Security
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