نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی و مدیریت منابع آب، دانشکده مهندسی عمران و محیط زیست، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
2 استادیار دانشکده مهندسی عمران و محیط زیست، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
3 استاد گروه علوم و مهندسی آب دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه بیرجند، بیرجند،ایران
چکیده
برداشت بیرویه از منابع آب زیرزمینی به عنوان یک منبع ضروری برای مصارف شرب، مخصوصاً در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک، کیفیت آن را تهدید می کند. کیفیت پایین آبهای زیرزمینی به دلیل نفوذ آب شور به سفره‌های زیرزمینی، سلامت انسان را تحت تأثیر قرار میدهد، بنابراین ارزیابی کیفیت آبهای زیرزمینی امری مهم است. در تحقیق حاضر نتایج ارزیابی کیفیت آب زیرزمینی برای مصارف شرب در آبخوان دشت بیرجند واقع در استان خراسان جنوبی با استفاده از شاخص آلودگی آبهای زیرزمینی (PIG) توضیح داده شده است. در این مطالعه داده های کیفی PH، TDS، منیزیم، سدیم، کلسیم، کلر، نیترات، فلوراید، بیکربنات، سولفات و پتاسیم مربوط به 20 حلقه چاه برای سال 1398-1399 جمع آوری شد. به منظور محاسبه شاخص PIG نقشه پارامترها با استفاده از روش درونیابی مناسب (کریجینگ و IDW) بر مبنای خطای RMSE و R2 در محیط ArcGIS تهیه و از استاندارد آب شرب WHO، به عنوان رهنمود استفاده شد. با توجه به وجود اثرات محلی پارامترهای مختلف و وجود برخی پارامترهای کیفی غالب در سطح آبخوان، برای افزایش دقت الگوی PIG از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (AHP) برای اصلاح وزن ها و توسعه یک شاخص بهینه محلی استفاده شد. نقشه شاخص آلودگی اصلاح شده (LPIG)، مقدار شاخص را درحدود 5/5-8/0 گزارش میدهد و سطح کیفی آبخوان را به 5 دسته با آلودگی ناچیز، کم، متوسط، زیاد و خیلی زیاد تقسیم میکند که به ترتیب 7/9، 5/15، 9/35، 9/23 و 1/15 درصد از سطح منطقه را پوشش میدهد. آلودگی زیاد و بسیارزیاد نواحی غرب و جنوب غرب آبخوان به فعالیت های کشاورزی دراین نواحی مرتبط است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Evaluation of groundwater quality for drinking purpose in birjand aquifer using PIG index and modified LPIG index based on AHP method
نویسندگان [English]
- melika rastgoo 1
- Farzin Nasiri Saleh 2
- Abbas Khashei Siuki 3
1 MSc. Student of Engineering and Water Resources Management, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Assistant Prof, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
3 Professor, Department of Water Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture ,University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
چکیده [English]
Indiscriminate extraction of groundwater resources as an essential resource for drinking purposes, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, threatens the quality of these resources. Low quality of groundwater because of infiltration of salt water into aquifers, affects human health, so evaluating groundwater quality is important. In this paper the results of evaluating groundwater quality for drinking purpose in birjand aquifer, located in South Khorasan province, by using the pollution index of groundwater (PIG), have been explained. In this study, the qualitative data of PH, TDS, Mg, Na, Ca, Cl, NO3, F, HCO3, SO4, K related to 20 wells for 2019-2020 were collected. In order to calculate the PIG, the parameter map was prepared using the appropriate interpolation method (Kriging and IDW) based on the RMSE and R2 in ArcGIS and the WHO standard was used as a guide. Due to the existence of local effects of various parameters and the existence of some dominant quality parameters in the samples, to increase the accuracy of the PIG model, the Analytical Hierarchy Method (AHP) was used to modify the weights and develop a local optimal index. The computed values of the revised pollution index map (LPIG), varied from 0.8 to 5.5, and divides the quality level of the aquifer into 5 classes with insignificant, low, moderate, high and very high pollution, It covers 9.7%, 15.5%, 35.9%, 23.9% and 1.15% of the area, respectively. A high pollution in the western and southwestern areas of the aquifer is attributed to agricultural activities in these areas.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Birjand aquifer
- Groundwater quality
- AHP
- LPIG
- PIG
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