نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسنده
گروه علوم و مهندسی محیط زیست، دانشگاه تهران، تهران.
چکیده
سیل به‌عنوان یکی از پرمخاطره‌ترین بلایایی طبیعی شناخته می‌شود که باید در مدیریت بحران به آن توجه ویژ‌ه‌ای داشت. یکی از وظایف مدیران در زمینه کاهش و پیشگیری از خسارات سیل، پهنه‌بندی و طبقه‌بندی خطر سیل است. بنابراین برای جلوگیری از وقوع سیل شناسایی مناطق دارای خطر سیل‌خیزی بسیار با اهمیت است. در شهرستان روانسر نیز به دلیل سیل‌خیز بودن منطقه و خسارات مالی و جانی ناشی از سیل که هرساله اتفاق می‌افتد لازم است مناطق خطرپذیر شناسایی شود و در این پژوهش به پهنه‌بندی پتانسیل سیل‌خیزی شهرستان روانسر و معرفی مناطق مستعد سیل پرداخته شده است. با توجه به اهداف پژوهش، به‌منظور بررسی پتانسیل سیل‌خیزی از سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی و فرآیند سیستم تحلیل سلسله مراتبی استفاده شده است. برای تهیه نقشه پتانسیل سیل از معیارهای شیب، ارتفاع، تراکم پوشش گیاهی، فاصله از رودخانه، بارش و کاربری اراضی به‌عنوان معیارهای موثر در وقوع سیل در منطقه استفاده شده است. این معیارها با استفاده از نظر کارشناسان و پرسشنامه تهیه شدند و پس از وزن‌دهی و تلفیق لایه‌ها، نقشه پهنه‌بندی پتانسیل سیل‌خیزی روانسر در پنج پهنه بدست آمد. براساس نتایج نقشه خطر سیل‌خیزی، قسمت‌های جنوبی این شهرستان در پهنه خطر سیل زیاد و خیلی زیاد با پوشش منطقه‌ای 8/24 و 6/21 درصد قرار دارند. این مناطق دارای نفوذپذیری پایین، شیب کم (0 تا 5 درجه)، ارتفاع پایین (1126 تا 1508 متر)، تراکم کم پوشش گیاهی، بارش زیاد (814 میلی‌متر)، نزدیکی و مجاورت به رودخانه‌ها و کاربری مسکونی هستند که در ردیف مناطق مستعد خطر سیل نسبت به سایر بخش‌ها قرار گرفته اند.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Flood Zoning Hazard in Ravansar Using Analytical Hierarchy Process
نویسنده [English]
- Rasoul Bagherabadi
Department of Environmental science, University of Tehran, Tehran
چکیده [English]
In crisis management, flood risk is one of the riskiest natural disasters that have to special look to it. One of the most important tasks in the field of flood mitigation and prevention of occurrence is zoning of potential flooding and classification of the flood risk. To prevent the occurrence of floods, it is necessary to identify areas having high potential for this phenomenon. Because the area of Ravansar is highly flood-producing and because of financial as well as physical damages caused by floods each year, we need to identify risk areas. The present study seeks to offer a method for zoning the flood-producing potentials of Ravansar. According to the research objectives, ArcGIS and AHP were used to investigate the flood-producing potential of study area. For this purpose, slope, elevation, NDVI, rain, distance from stream and land use as effective parameters in flooding in the studied were selected. After the experts familiar with the watershed completed the questionnaire, these parameters were weighted. Using the results of weighting, the flooding potential zoning map was then calculated. Based on the results flood hazard potential was zoned and finally, the was categorized into five classes based on flood hazard risk, southern part of Ravansar have been introduced as areas prone to flooding that are included respectively %24/8 and %21/6 of the area with low permeability and slow slope (0-5 degree), low altitude (1126-1508 m), near from the stream, low NDVI, high rain (814 millimeter) and urban land use to the other sectors.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Zoning
- AHP
- Flood
- Ravansar
- Natural Disasters
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