نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 جویای کار پژوهشگر آزاد
2 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهرکرد، ایران
3 گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران
چکیده
برای افزایش بهره‌وری محصولات کشاورزی و بهبود ویژگی‌های خاک از کود حیوانی استفاده می‌شود. ریزجانداران بیماری‌زای موجود در کود دامی سبب آلودگی محیط زیست می‌شود. لذا نیاز است اثر دانه‌بندی کود گاوی بر ویژگی‌های فیزیکی مانند هدایت هیدرولیکی و آب‌گریزی کود بررسی شود تا مبنایی برای سایر پژوهش‌های آلودگی منابع آب و خاک قرار گیرد. هدف این پژوهش بررسی اثر اندازه کود گاوی بر هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع و آب‌گریزی کود گاوی می‌باشد. بدین منظور چهار تیمار دانه‌بندی (2-1D1:، 1- 5/0D2:، 5/0- 25/0D3: و کوچکتر از 25/0> میلیمتر D4:) تهیه شد. هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع با روش بار ثابت و آزمایش آب‌گریزی با روش زمان نفوذ قطره آب انجام شد نتایج به دست آمده نشان داد با کاهش اندازه ذرات کود گاوی هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع به صورت معنی‌داری در سطح آماری 1 درصد کاهش می‌یابد. به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین هدایت هیدرولیکی اشباع مربوط به تیمار D4 با هدایت هیدرولیکی 6/1 سانتیمتر بر دقیقه و D1 با هدایت هیدرولیکی 063/0 سانتیمتر بر دقیقه بود. دلیل این امر، کاهش اندازه منافذ در دانه‌بندی‌های کوچک می‌باشد. کاهش اندازه ذرات کود گاوی موجب افزایش آب‌گریزی می‌شود. به ترتیب بیشترین و کمترین درجه آب‌گریزی مربوط به تیمار D1 و تیمار D4 می‌باشد. دلیل این امر، وجود ذرات میکروبی غنی از اسیدهای چرب در تیمارهای دانه‌بندی کوچکتر می‌باشد. به نظر می‌رسد که استفاده از کود گاوی درشت دانه در کشاورزی به دلیل هدایت هیدرولیکی بالاتر و عدم آب‌گریزی گزینه مناسب‌تری نسبت به کود گاوی ریزدانه باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Investigating the Changes of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity and Water Repellency Under the Influence of the Particle Size of Cattle Manure
نویسندگان [English]
- Mehrnoush Dehghanian 1
- Hasan Tabatabaee 2
- hossein shirani 3
1 Researcher
2 depth of water engineering, agricultral college, shahrekord university, shahre kord, Iran
3 depth of soil seince, agricultral college, rafsanjan, Iran
چکیده [English]
Animal manure is used to increase the productivity of agricultural products and improve soil properties. Pathogenic microorganisms present in animal manure cause environmental pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the effect of cattle manure granulation on physical characteristics such as hydraulic conductivity and hydrophobicity of manure in order to be a basis for other researches on water and soil pollution. The aim of this research is to investigate the effect of cow manure size on saturation hydraulic conductivity and hydrophobicity of cow manure. For this purpose, four granulation treatments were prepared (D1-1-2, D2-0.5-1, D3-0.25-0.5 and D4>0.25 mm smaller). Saturated hydraulic conductivity was done by constant load method and water repellency test was done by water drop penetration time method. The obtained results showed that by reducing the size of cow dung particles, saturated hydraulic conductivity decreases significantly at a statistical level of 1%. Respectively, the highest and lowest saturation hydraulic conductivity was related to treatment D4 with hydraulic conductivity of 1.6 cm/min and D1 with hydraulic conductivity of 0.063 cm/min. The reason for this is to reduce the pore size in small grains. Reducing the particle size of cow dung increases water repellency. The highest and lowest degree of water repellency is related to treatment D1 and treatment D4, respectively. The reason for this is the presence of microbial particles rich in fatty acids in smaller granulation treatments. It seems that the use of coarse-grained cow manure in agriculture is a more appropriate option than fine-grained cow manure due to its higher hydraulic conductivity and lack of hydrophobicity.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Cattle manure granulation
- Constant load method
- Water drop penetration time method
- Physical properties of cow manure
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