نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 No.2, Abtin Building, Moazen Alley, Shohadaye khajoo Street, Esfahan
2 دانشگاه شهرکرد
3 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب، دانشگاه شهرکرد
چکیده
تبخیرتعرق مرجع (ET0)، حداکثر مقدار آب خروجی برای یک پوشش گیاهی به‌خصوص (مثل چمن، یونجه یا یک سطح کشت استاندارد) است. تاکید فائو 56، بر اندازه‌گیری پارامترهای هواشناسی در ارتفاع دو متری بالای چمن سبزی است که در سطح وسیع کشت شده، زمین را به طور کامل پوشانده و فاقد کمبود آب باشد. رابطه پنمن مانتیث فائو (PMFAO) برای محاسبه ET0 پیشنهاد شد. در ایستگاه‌های هواشناسی کشاورزی که محصور در مناطق تحت کشت ساخته می‌شوند، دستگاه‌های اندازه‌گیری برخلاف ایستگاه‌های سینوپتیک شرایط هواشناسی مشابه با گیاهان پیرامون ایستگاه را ثبت می‌کنند. ازاین‌رو در گزارش فائو، روش جایگزین برای محاسبه ET0 توصیه نمی‌شود. در پژوهش حاضر روش هارگریوز_سامانی (HS) و روش PMFAO، در دوره زمانی 25 ساله از 1995 تا 2019 به صورت روزانه در حوضه زاینده‌رود (29 ایستگاه) مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد در گام زمانی روزانه اختلاف دو روش زیاد (ضریب نش از 63/0 تا 87/0) است. در گام ماهیانه، اختلاف دو روش به‌طورکلی قابل اغماض است (ضریب نش از 8/0 تا 96/0). در گام‌های سالانه (ضریب نش بالای 8/0) نتایج دو روش بسیار نزدیک به هم هستند. ولی در ایستگاه‌های مختلف رفتار مشابهی دیده نشد. به‌عنوان مثال در ایستگاه کبوترآباد برعکس ایستگاه شرق اصفهان همواره ET0 به روش HS از PMFAO بیشتر است. بنابراین در عمل برای تخمین ET0 به روش HS توصیه می‌شود حداقل با نزدیک‌ترین ایستگاه سینوپتیک و با روش PMFAO صحت سنجی شده و پس از ارزیابی به کار گرفته شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Comparison of the Daily, Monthly and Annual Time Steps in Hargreaves-Samani and Penman-Monteith-FAO Models to Estimate Reference Evapotranspiration in the ZayandehRud Basin
نویسندگان [English]
- Esmaeil Adib Majd 1
- Rasoul Mirabbasi 2
- Mehdi Asadi 2
- Sayed Hassan Tabatabaei 3
1 No.2, Abtin Building, Moazen Alley, Shohadaye khajoo Street, Esfahan
2 Department of Water Engineering, Shahrekord University
3 Shahrekord University
چکیده [English]
Reference evapotranspiration (ET0) is the maximum amount of water transpiration for a particular vegetation cover (such as grass, alfalfa, or a standard crop area). FAO 56 report emphasis, is on measuring meteorological parameters at a height of two meters above green grass. Cultivation around the station should be on a wide area and there is no shortage of water. Agricultural meteorological stations covering a certain territory around them record the same meteorological conditions as the surrounding plants. The Penman-Monteith-FAO (PMFAO) equation was proposed to calculate ET0 and the use of alternative method was not recommended. In the present research, the Hargreaves-Samani (HS) method and the PMFAO method were evaluated on daily, Monthly and yearly time steps in the ZayandehRud basin over a period of 25 years from 1995 to 2019. The results showed that in the daily time step, the difference between the two methods is large (Nash coefficient from 0.63 to 0.87). In the monthly time step, the difference is generally negligible (Nash coefficient from 0.8 to 0.96). In annual time step (Nash coefficient above 0.8), the results are very close to each other. But in different stations, the same behavior was not seen, for example, in Kabutrabad station, in contrast to East Isfahan station, almost always, ET0 by HS method is higher than PMFAO. Therefore, in practice, to use ET0 by HS method, it is recommended to verify and evaluate at least with the nearest synoptic station and PMFAO method and then use it.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Reference evapotranspiration
- Zayandehrud Basin
- Penman- Monteith FAO method
- Hargreaves Samani method
- Evaporation pan coefficient
- Reference evapotranspiration iso map
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